Ecological Planting Imperative: Functional Systems,Not Stylized Ecologies

The ability of landscape architectural projects to mitigate the worst effects of climate change will depend upon designed ecological systems. These systems will be built with plants. Despite the recognition of ecology as an essential driver of landscapes, the professionals of landscape architecture too often lack the knowledge and practical skills to create robust vegetative systems. New approaches and tools are required. This article outlines principles and methods for designing biodiverse plant systems for urban sites. Planting methods that increase species richness, functional diversity, and spatial complexity are emphasized as a way of developing more resilient plantings. Selecting species with similar evolutionary adaptions to stress, disturbance, and competition—as well as creating multi-layered compositions of diverse plant morphologies—allows designers to create compatible, long-lived plant mixes. To balance the increased visual complexity of diverse plant mixes, the article explores design techniques to make plantings more appealing to the public. The strategies explored here are based on the projects, experience, and research of Phyto Studio, a Washington, D.C. based studio. The methods build on work described in the author’s book, Planting in a Post-Wild World, an exploration of how to create designed plant communities.     

施肥模型研究综述

对施肥模型和参数研究的历史、现状和趋势进行了综述,并指出今后定量施肥研究的关键问题。     

丰宁县生态环境存在的问题及对策

丰宁县地处京津上游,是北京、天津重要水源地和生态屏障,但由于连续7年干旱,治理速度慢,保存率低,致使生态环境恶劣,严重影响了京津地区的生态环境和饮用水安全,本文在分析目前丰宁县水土保持存在问题的基础上,提出今后治理对策和思路。     

An approach to the synthesis of qualitative ecological information from aquatic coleoptera communities

A list of 196 Coleoptera taxa, larvae and adults, covering 113 species, was obtained from several surveys of a flood plain of the Rhô river. From published reports and personal experience, each taxon is linked with the modalities of nine environmental and three biological variables. The resulting 12 ecological profiles for 196 taxa are analysed by correspondence analysis. The simultaneous ordination of the taxa and variables allows presentation of the more synthetic correspondence between the Coleoptera and their ecological and biological characteristics. The niche dimensions of the 12 variables tested here are organized along a current-substrate gradient, from stones in rapid flow to mud in still water, which is associated with the other ecological conditions. This ordination reflects environmental conditions in a transverse direction, particularly from the central channel to the furthest annexes of the river. The Coleoptera are shown to be describers of the connectivity with the main channel. The 196 studied taxa are positioned along the gradient. They are subdivided into seven faunal groups based on their habitat range or niche width. The larger species are confined to the stagnant side of the gradient. Other variables, such as feeding and vertical distribution, clearly separate carnivores from herbivores and also larvae from adults. The next step of this study will be to extend these investigations to other functional variables and to all the species of Coleoptera in France. The information given by the Coleoptera will then be compared with actual field measurements.     

二维卡尔曼─中值混合自适应滤波

本文提出了能同时抑制加性噪声，脉冲噪声干扰和点扩展函数模糊，又能保护图象边缘及细节信息的新型滤波方法—“二维Kalman－Median混合自适应滤波”，并成功地应用于统计图象恢复，取得了满意的效果。     

三峡地区脆弱生态环境问题初探

脆弱生态环境是一种对环境因素改变的反应敏感而维持自身稳定的可塑性小的生态环境系统，三峡地区脆弱生态环境的基本特征为：侵蚀作用强烈；抗干扰能力弱；土地退化，土地生产力衰减；森林生态系统衰退，环境灾害加剧，灾种增多，频次增高，形成三峡地区脆弱生态环境的因素包括地质地貌因素，气候因素以及人为因素和社会经济因素，三峡地区生态环境的整治措施主要包括：控制人口增长；调整产业结构；开展综合治理；唤起环境意识，依     

小水电站生态流量对电能损失率的影响分析

小水电站多以追求最大发电效益为目的,电站下游河道生态流量往往处于"无"或"少"的不良状况,对生态环境影响日益凸显.为研究电站下泄生态流量对电站电能损失的影响及影响因子的作用,本文选取江西省遂川县为研究区域,采用主成分分析法分析小水电站生态流量对电站电能损失率的影响.结果表明:(1)河道生态流量对小水电站目前运行实际发电量的损失率的影响阈值一般控制在[10％,20％].(2)电站效能属性第一主成分包括年利用小时数(M4)、设计流量与多年平均流量比(M5)和水量利用率(M6);电站出力属性第二主成分包括设计水头(M2)和设计流量(M3);装机规模(M1)为第三主成分装机属性单一主要指标;其中,M2和M4对电能损失率呈负作用,表明参数越大,相应电能损率失越大;M1、M3、M5和M6对电能损失率起积极正向作用,参数越大,相应电能损失越小.建议在小水电整改评估工作过程中,以考证M4、M5和M6的真实性和可靠性为先,后以电站铭牌特征值M2、M3和M1收集为辅,便于整改评估工作的顺利开展.本研究可为小水电站的评价认定和电能损失补偿提供一定的技术支撑和参考.     

自动化翻拍图像空间失真复原研究

在自动化翻拍的图像采集过程中,图像中各像素间的空间相互关系会随着采集发生变化,通过对空间失真复原算法的深入研究,利用几何极坐标、中值滤波等方法,提出自动化翻拍图像复原算法。实验结果表明,使用该算法能够消除由图像采集引起的空间畸变失真,提高图像的可识别性,是一种有效的方法。     

Design of new catalysts for ecological high-quality transportation fuels by combinatorial computational chemistry and tight-binding quantum chemical molecular dynamics approaches

Recently, we introduced a concept of combinatorial chemistry to computational chemistry and proposed a new method called “combinatorial computational chemistry”, which enables us to perform a theoretical high-throughput screening of catalysts. In the present paper, we reviewed our recent application of our combinatorial computational chemistry approach to the design of new catalysts for high-quality transportation fuels. By using our combinatorial computational chemistry techniques, we succeeded to predict new catalysts for methanol synthesis and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. Moreover, we have succeeded in the development of chemical reaction dynamics simulator based on our original tight-binding quantum chemical molecular dynamics method. This program realizes more than 5000 times acceleration compared to the regular first-principles molecular dynamics method. Electronic- and atomic-level information on the catalytic reaction dynamics at reaction temperatures significantly contributes the catalyst design and development. Hence, we also summarized our recent applications of the above quantum chemical molecular dynamics method to the clarification of the methanol synthesis dynamics in this review.     

UWSNs中基于AUV移动的覆盖盲区修复算法

提出了一种水下无线传感器网络(UWSNs)中基于自主水下航行器(AUV)移动的覆盖算法。首先将要覆盖的区域网格化,然后以适当的策略遍历各个小格,从而实现盲区的覆盖修复。该算法克服了水下环境复杂未知、覆盖场景多样化而难以可靠覆盖的问题,同时使得AUV路径移动消耗最小化。文中还对3D场景和多AUVs协同等情况进行了分析和探讨。仿真实验表明,该算法在覆盖盲区规则、不规则或不连续等场景下均有较好的表现。